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Corneal Tissue Engineering: New Applications for Corneal Stromal Stem Cells

Goncalves De Pinho, Ana Rita; (2021) Corneal Tissue Engineering: New Applications for Corneal Stromal Stem Cells. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London). Green open access

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Abstract

The WHO estimates 10 million people in the World are blinded by corneal disease. For many conditions, transplantation of a donor cornea may restore vision. However, there is a global shortage of suitable tissue and a high risk of rejection. The potential of stem cell therapies and tissue engineering approaches to address this significant unmet clinical need was investigated. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) maintain the epithelium, the outermost layer of the cornea, and can be successfully transplanted to restore vision. However, when scarring occurs, transplantation of corneal stroma is required. Human corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC) are involved in stroma maintenance and have previously been shown to restore transparency in cloudy mouse corneas without rejection. This study investigated the development of a surgeon friendly tissue equivalent (TE) for the therapeutic delivery of CSSC and LESCs. For the first time, human corneal rims were rendered transparent for imaging under the iDISCO protocol. CSSC were successfully isolated and characterised with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) properties confirmed. RAFT-TE, a potential artificial ocular surface, has been extensively investigated by our group using research grade collagen (First Link; not suitable for clinical use). In this thesis, a comparative study was performed to show that Koken collagen (Good Manufacturing Practice compliant) is a suitable replacement for research grade collagen as it did not compromise RAFT-TE properties. Next, co-culture conditions for LESC and CSSC in RAFT-TE were optimised. First, the idea of co-delivering CSSC together with LESCS to the surface of RAFT-TE as a mixed population was trialled. This resulted in unexpected epithelial cell peeling. To overcome this challenge, CSSC were successfully cultured for the first time inside Koken RAFT-TE. CSSC formed cell clusters, remodelled the matrix, and migrated to the surface of the TE. It was also shown that they can be induced to differentiate towards the keratocyte lineage inside the TE. This work highlights the importance of considering clinical manufacturing standards early in the process of development. Overall, it provides valuable insights to develop personalised autologous therapies and off the shelf allogeneic strategies for restoring vision in patients with corneal blindness.

Type: Thesis (Doctoral)
Qualification: Ph.D
Title: Corneal Tissue Engineering: New Applications for Corneal Stromal Stem Cells
Event: UCL (University College London)
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © The Author 2021. Original content in this thesis is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Any third-party copyright material present remains the property of its respective owner(s) and is licensed under its existing terms. Access may initially be restricted at the author’s request.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > STEaPP
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10127500
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