Lucas, SB;
Wong, KT;
Nightingale, S;
Miller, RF;
(2021)
HIV-Associated CD8 Encephalitis: A UK Case Series and Review of Histopathologically Confirmed Cases.
Frontiers in Neurology
, 12
, Article 628296. 10.3389/fneur.2021.628296.
Preview |
Text
fneur-12-628296.pdf - Published Version Download (7MB) | Preview |
Abstract
HIV-associated CD8-encephalitis (HIV-CD8E) is a severe inflammatory disorder dominated by infiltration of the brain by CD8 T-lymphocytes. It occurs in people with HIV, typically when the virus is apparently well-controlled by antiretroviral treatment (ART). HIV-CD8E presents with symptoms and signs related to marked cerebral inflammation and swelling, and can lead to coma and death unless treated promptly with corticosteroids. Risk events such as intercurrent infection, antiretroviral therapy interruption, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting ART, and concomitant associations such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV viral escape have been identified, but the pathogenesis of the disorder is not known. We present the largest case series of HIV-CD8E to date (n = 23), representing histopathologically confirmed cases in the UK. We also summarize the global literature representing all previously published cases with histopathological confirmation (n = 30). A new variant of HIV-CD8E is described, occurring on a background of HIV encephalitis (HIVE).Together these series, totalling 53 patients, provide new insights. CSF HIV viral escape was a frequent finding in HIV-CD8E occurring in 68% of those with CSF available and tested; ART interruption and IRIS were important, both occurring in 27%. Black ethnicity appeared to be a key risk factor; all but two UK cases were African, as were the majority of the previously published cases in which ethnicity was stated. We discuss potential pathogenic mechanisms, but there is no unifying explanation over all the HIV-CD8E scenarios. +
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | HIV-Associated CD8 Encephalitis: A UK Case Series and Review of Histopathologically Confirmed Cases |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fneur.2021.628296 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.628296 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2021 Lucas, Wong, Nightingale and Miller. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
| Keywords: | HIV, autopsy, brain, CD8 encephalitis, antiretroviral therapy, viral escape, corticosteroids, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health > Infection and Population Health |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10126940 |
Archive Staff Only
 |
View Item |
