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Innate and Adaptive Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Susceptibility of Severe Inflammatory Complications in Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Carnt, NA; Pang, I; Burdon, KP; Calder, V; Dart, JK; Subedi, D; Hardcastle, AJ; (2021) Innate and Adaptive Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Susceptibility of Severe Inflammatory Complications in Acanthamoeba Keratitis. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , 62 (3) , Article 33. 10.1167/iovs.62.3.33. Green open access

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Abstract

PURPOSE: Over a third of patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) experience severe inflammatory complications (SICs). This study aimed to determine if some contact lens (CL) wearers with AK were predisposed to SICs due to variations in key immune genes. METHODS: CL wearers with AK who attended Moorfields Eye Hospital were recruited prospectively between April 2013 and October 2014. SICs were defined as scleritis and/or stromal ring infiltrate. Genomic DNA was processed with an Illumina Low Input Custom Amplicon assay of 58 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) targets across 18 genes and tested for association in PLINK. RESULTS: Genomic DNA was obtained and analyzed for 105 cases of AK, 40 (38%) of whom experienced SICs. SNPs in the CXCL8 gene encoding IL-8 was significantly associated with protection from SICs (chr4: rs1126647, odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, P = 0.005, rs2227543, OR = 0.4, P = 0.007, and rs2227307, OR = 0.4, P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, sex, steroids prediagnosis, and herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) misdiagnosis. Two TLR-4 SNPs were associated with increased risk of SICs (chr9: rs4986791 and rs4986790, both OR = 6.9, P = 0.01). Th-17 associated SNPs (chr1: IL-23R rs11209026, chr2: IL-1β rs16944, and chr12: IL-22 rs1179251) were also associated with SICs. CONCLUSIONS: The current study identifies biologically relevant genetic variants in patients with AK with SICs; IL-8 is associated with a strong neutrophil response in the cornea in AK, TLR-4 is important in early AK disease, and Th-17 genes are associated with adaptive immune responses to AK in animal models. Genetic screening of patients with AK to predict severity is viable and this would be expected to assist disease management.

Type: Article
Title: Innate and Adaptive Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Susceptibility of Severe Inflammatory Complications in Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Location: United States
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.33
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.3.33
Language: English
Additional information: © 2021 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.3.33).
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Institute of Ophthalmology
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10125924
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