Goddi, C;
Marti-Vidal, I;
Messias, H;
Bower, GC;
Broderick, AE;
Dexter, J;
Marrone, DP;
... Valtonen, M; + view all
(2021)
Polarimetric Properties of Event Horizon Telescope Targets from ALMA.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
, 910
(1)
, Article L14. 10.3847/2041-8213/abee6a.
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Abstract
We present the results from a full polarization study carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) during the first Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) campaign, which was conducted in 2017 April in the λ3 mm and λ1.3 mm bands, in concert with the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), respectively. We determine the polarization and Faraday properties of all VLBI targets, including Sgr A*, M87, and a dozen radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), in the two bands at several epochs in a time window of 10 days. We detect high linear polarization fractions (2%–15%) and large rotation measures (RM > 10^{3.3}–10^{5.5} rad m^{−2}), confirming the trends of previous AGN studies at millimeter wavelengths. We find that blazars are more strongly polarized than other AGNs in the sample, while exhibiting (on average) order-of-magnitude lower RM values, consistent with the AGN viewing angle unification scheme. For Sgr A* we report a mean RM of (−4.2 ± 0.3) × 10^{5} rad m^{−2} at 1.3 mm, consistent with measurements over the past decade and, for the first time, an RM of (–2.1 ± 0.1) × 10^{5} rad m^{−2} at 3 mm, suggesting that about half of the Faraday rotation at 1.3 mm may occur between the 3 mm photosphere and the 1.3 mm source. We also report the first unambiguous measurement of RM toward the M87 nucleus at millimeter wavelengths, which undergoes significant changes in magnitude and sign reversals on a one year timescale, spanning the range from −1.2 to 0.3 × 10^{5} rad m^{−2} at 3 mm and −4.1 to 1.5 × 10^{5} rad m^{−2} at 1.3 mm. Given this time variability, we argue that, unlike the case of Sgr A*, the RM in M87 does not provide an accurate estimate of the mass accretion rate onto the black hole. We put forward a two-component model, comprised of a variable compact region and a static extended region, that can simultaneously explain the polarimetric properties observed by both the EHT (on horizon scales) and ALMA (which observes the combined emission from both components). These measurements provide critical constraints for the calibration, analysis, and interpretation of simultaneously obtained VLBI data with the EHT and GMVA.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Polarimetric Properties of Event Horizon Telescope Targets from ALMA |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3847/2041-8213/abee6a |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213%2Fabee6a |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). |
| Keywords: | agnetic fields, Relativistic jets, Active galactic nuclei, Radio jets, Polarimetry, Interferometry, Long baseline interferometry, Galactic center, Supermassive black holes, Blazars, Radio galaxies, Quasars |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Space and Climate Physics |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10125787 |
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