Elemental and mineralogical composition of metal-bearing neutralisation sludges, and zinc speciation

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Elemental and mineralogical composition of metal-bearing neutralisation sludges, and zinc speciation – A review

Chen, DT; Au, WY; van Ewijk, S; Roy, A; Stegemann, JA; (2021) Elemental and mineralogical composition of metal-bearing neutralisation sludges, and zinc speciation – A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 416 , Article 125676. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125676. Green open access

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Abstract

Zinc (Zn) in sludges from neutralisation of acidic emissions is a potential environmental pollutant and an element of interest for recovery. Findings regarding the elemental and mineralogical composition of such wastes were aggregated from the literature and examined together for a better understanding of management options, with a focus on Zn. Zn concentrations ranged from 0.006-22% in 46 acid mine drainage sludges, 0.009%-43% in 72 metal-finishing sludges, 0.024%-11.5% in 32 pyrometallurgical sludges, and 1.71-55.7% in 14 Zn production sludges. The main mineralogical characterization technique was X-ray diffraction, which found the dominant minerals to be calcite, gypsum, quartz, and iron oxides, but could not identify considerable proportions of amorphous phases. More than 60 mineral phases were observed. Crystalline Zn compounds identified included oxides, hydroxides, sulfates, sulfides, and metallic Zn; spinel, olivine and carbonate dominated in pyrometallurgical sludges. Zn may also be present in crystalline phases of low concentration, solid solution, and/or amorphous phases, which could be identified and characterised in more detail using other techniques. Overall, it is concluded that Zn occurs in high concentrations and includes phases that have high potential environmental mobility. Zn recovery seems feasible and would also enable harmless disposal of the residual.

Type:	Article
Title:	Elemental and mineralogical composition of metal-bearing neutralisation sludges, and zinc speciation – A review
Open access status:	An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI:	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125676
Publisher version:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125676
Language:	English
Additional information:	This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords:	High-density sludge, Electroplating, Galvanic, Neutralisation, Pickling, Plating, Hot filter cake, Cold filter cake, Industrial sludge, Aluminium anodisation sludge
UCL classification:	UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Civil, Environ and Geomatic Eng
URI:	https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10125540