Thomas, CN;
Sim, DA;
Lee, WH;
Alfahad, N;
Dick, AD;
Denniston, A;
Hill, LJ;
(2021)
Emerging therapies and their delivery for treating age-related macular degeneration.
British Journal of Pharmacology
, 179
(9)
pp. 1908-1937.
10.1111/bph.15459.
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Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the Western world and is characterised in its latter stages by retinal cell death and neovascularisation and earlier stages with the loss of parainflammatory homeostasis. Patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) are treated with frequent intraocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, which are not only unpopular with patients, but carry risks of sight-threatening complications. A minority of patients are unresponsive with no alternative treatment available and some patients who respond initially eventually develop a tolerance to treatment. New therapeutics with improved delivery methods and sustainability of clinical effects are required, in particular for non-neovascular AMD (90% of cases and no current approved treatments). There are age-related and disease-related changes that occur which can affect ocular drug delivery. Here, we review the latest emerging therapies for AMD, their delivery routes, and implications for translating to clinical practice.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Emerging therapies and their delivery for treating age-related macular degeneration |
| Location: | England |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1111/bph.15459 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15459 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © 2021 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Keywords: | Age-related macular degeneration, anti-VEGF, complement, drug delivery, immunotherapy, ocular disease, retina |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Institute of Ophthalmology |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10125208 |
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