Alwafi, Hassan Hasan H;
(2021)
The use and safety of oral anticoagulants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK.
Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) often coexist. Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are prescribed for the management of CVDs. However, the safety of OACs in T2DM patients remains unclear. This PhD research aimed to evaluate the use and safety of OACs in T2DM patients. The Health Improvement Network primary care database of the United Kingdom was used to achieve the project aims. Firstly, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to review the literature. Secondly, a drug utilisation study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing of OACs in T2DM. Then, two studies were conducted to explore the epidemiology and treatment of AF in T2DM. Finally, an analytical cohort study using the propensity score and Cox regression models was conducted to investigate the safety of the use of OACs and oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) in T2DM. The pooled average of the prevalence of hypoglycaemia in diabetes was 11.0% (95% confidence intervals, 7.0% – 17.0%). The prevalence of OACs prescribing increased by 50.8% from 4.4% (4.2% – 4.6%) in 2001 to 6.6% (6.5% – 6.7%) in 2015. The prevalence of AF increased from 2.7% (2.5% – 2.8%) in 2001 to 5.0% (4.9% – 5.1%) in 2016. T2DM patients with AF, aged 60-79, males, and BMI ≥25, were more likely to receive OAC. The cohort study results showed that compared with sulfonylurea only, concurrent use of warfarin and sulfonylureas, increased the risk of hypoglycaemia and bleeding, (HR 1.38, (1.10 – 1.75)), (HR 1.12, (1.01 – 1.24)), respectively. However, there was no association between the use of DOACs and sulfonylureas concurrently and the risk of hypoglycaemia, (HR 0.54, (0.27 – 1.10)). In conclusion, the prevalence of AF and the use of OACs in T2DM patients have increased over the last decade. T2DM patients are at a higher risk of developing serious adverse events when warfarin and sulfonylureas are used concurrently.
| Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Qualification: | Ph.D |
| Title: | The use and safety of oral anticoagulants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK |
| Event: | University College London (UCL) |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © The Author 2021. Original content in this thesis is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Any third-party copyright material present remains the property of its respective owner(s) and is licensed under its existing terms. Access may initially be restricted at the author’s request. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > UCL School of Pharmacy |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10122751 |
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