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Clinical Spectrum and Genetic Diagnosis of 54 Consecutive Patients Aged 0-25 with Bilateral Cataracts

Bell, S; Malka, S; Lloyd, IC; Moosajee, M; (2021) Clinical Spectrum and Genetic Diagnosis of 54 Consecutive Patients Aged 0-25 with Bilateral Cataracts. Genes , 12 (2) , Article 131. 10.3390/genes12020131. Green open access

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Abstract

Childhood cataract affects 2.5–3.5 per 10,000 children in the UK, with a genetic mutation identified in 50–90% of bilateral cases. However, cataracts can also manifest in adolescence and early adulthood in isolation, as part of a complex ocular phenotype or with systemic features making accurate diagnosis more challenging. We investigate our real-world experience through a retrospective review of consecutive bilateral cataract patients (0–25 years) presenting to the ocular genetics service at Moorfields Eye Hospital between 2017 and 2020. Fifty-four patients from 44 unrelated families were identified, with a median age of 13.5 years (range 1 to 68 years) and a median age at diagnosis of 43.9 months IQR (1.7–140.3 months); 40.7% were female and 46.3% were Caucasian. Overall, 37 patients from 27 families (61.4%) were genetically solved (50%) or likely solved (additional 11.4%), with 26 disease-causing variants (8 were novel) in 21 genes; the most common were crystallin genes, in 8 (29.6%) families, with half occurring in the CRYBB2 gene. There was no significant difference in the molecular diagnostic rates between sporadic and familial inheritance (P = 0.287). Associated clinical diagnoses were retinal dystrophies in five (18.5%) and aniridia in three (11.1%) families. Bilateral cataracts were the presenting feature in 27.3% (6/22) of either complex or syndromic cases, and isolated cataract patients were 11.5 years younger (rank-sum Z = 3.668, P = 0.0002). Prompt genetic investigation with comprehensive panel testing can aid with diagnosis and optimise management of cataract patients

Type: Article
Title: Clinical Spectrum and Genetic Diagnosis of 54 Consecutive Patients Aged 0-25 with Bilateral Cataracts
Location: Switzerland
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.3390/genes12020131
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12020131
Language: English
Additional information: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: genetic testing; targeted gene panels; next-generation sequencing; genomic medicine; childhood/congenital cataracts; retinal dystrophies; aniridia
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Institute of Ophthalmology
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120680
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