Bryson, A;
Dolton, P;
Reade, JJ;
Schreyer, D;
Singleton, C;
(2021)
Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19.
Economics Letters
, 198
, Article 109664. 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109664.
Preview |
Text
Bryson et al 2020 Econ Letters.pdf - Published Version Download (964kB) | Preview |
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has induced worldwide natural experiments on the effects of crowds. We exploit one of these experiments that took place over several countries in almost identical settings: professional football matches played behind closed doors within the 2019/20 league seasons. We find large and statistically significant effects on the number of yellow cards issued by referees. Without a crowd, fewer cards were awarded to the away teams, reducing home advantage. These results have implications for the influence of social pressure and crowds on the neutrality of decisions.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19 |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109664 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109664 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education > IOE - Social Research Institute |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10115454 |
Loading...
Loading...Loading...Loading...Archive Staff Only
 |
View Item |
