Ozkan, Sevinc; (1993) Calcareous nannofossil and calpionellid biostratigraphy of the upper Jurassic-lower Cretaceous in northwest Anatolia, Turkey. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

This thesis is concerned with Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils and calpionellids of the Yosunlukbayiri and Sogukcam Limestone formations (NW Anatolia, Turkey). A brief history of nannofossil and calpionellid research is given together with compilations of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous nannofossil and calpionellid literature. The definition and correlation problems of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary are discussed in terms of several micro- and macrofossil groups. The methods and techniques of sample collection, preparation and observation are fully described. Four hundred and ten samples were collected from the 17 land sections spanning the Tithonian to Aptian, from the Yosunlukbayiri and Sogukcam Limestone formations. Localities, lithologies, microfacies and micro- and macrofossils assemblages are described. The stratigraphical distribution of calcareous nannofossils and calpionellids from NW Anatolia is discussed within the framework of published biostratigraphy (Thierstein, 1971 and Bralower et al., 1989), and emendations are made to the published zonations in some cases. Sixty eight bioevents are used in order to recognise the zonal boundaries more accurately. These biozones and bioevents are calibrated to each other and to the Foraminiferal-Algal zonation scheme (Altiner, 1991). The nannofossils and calpionellids of these sections, except the NALLI-Section, have not been previously documented and none of them has been previously related to these zonation schemes. The palaeogeographical evolution of NW Anatolia is revised. The palaeoenvironmental significance of nannoconids is discussed and the conclusions are used for the interpretation of palaeoenvironmental conditions. A detailed taxonomy of 77 nannofossil species and 17 calpionellid species distributed among 30 nannofossil genera and 9 calpionellid genera is presented including terminology of the morphology, and detailed description and illustration. Descriptions of 2 species are emended.

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