De-Dios, T;
Van Dorp, L;
Charlier, P;
Morfopoulou, S;
Lizano, E;
Bon, C;
Le Bitouzé, C;
... Lalueza-Fox, C; + view all
(2020)
Metagenomic analysis of a blood stain from the French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat (1743–1793).
Infection, Genetics and Evolution
, 80
, Article 104209. 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104209.
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Abstract
The French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat (1743–1793) was assassinated in 1793 in his bathtub, where he was trying to find relief from the debilitating skin disease he was suffering from. At the time of his death, Marat was annotating newspapers, which got stained with his blood and were subsequently preserved by his sister. We extracted and sequenced DNA from the blood stain and also from another section of the newspaper, which we used for comparison. Results from the human DNA sequence analyses were compatible with a heterogeneous ancestry of Marat, with his mother being of French origin and his father born in Sardinia. Metagenomic analyses of the non-human reads uncovered the presence of fungal, bacterial and low levels of viral DNA. Relying on the presence/absence of microbial species in the samples, we could cast doubt on several putative infectious agents that have been previously hypothesised as the cause of his condition but for which we detect not a single sequencing read. Conversely, some of the species we detect are uncommon as environmental contaminants and may represent plausible infective agents. Based on all the available evidence, we hypothesize that Marat may have suffered from a fungal infection (seborrheic dermatitis), possibly superinfected with bacterial opportunistic pathogens.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Metagenomic analysis of a blood stain from the French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat (1743–1793) |
| Location: | Netherlands |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104209 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104209 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | Ancient DNA, Infection, Metagenomics |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences > Genetics, Evolution and Environment |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10091805 |
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