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Kinetic Control of Interpenetration in Fe-Biphenyl-4,4 '-dicarboxylate Metal-Organic Frameworks by Coordination and Oxidation Modulation

Bara, D; Wilson, C; Moertel, M; Khusniyarov, MM; Ling, S; Slater, B; Sproules, S; (2019) Kinetic Control of Interpenetration in Fe-Biphenyl-4,4 '-dicarboxylate Metal-Organic Frameworks by Coordination and Oxidation Modulation. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 141 (20) pp. 8346-8357. 10.1021/jacs.9b03269. Green open access

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Abstract

Phase control in the self-assembly of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is often a case of trial and error; judicious control over a number of synthetic variables is required to select the desired topology and control features such as interpenetration and defectivity. Herein, we present a comprehensive investigation of self-assembly in the Fe–biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate system, demonstrating that coordination modulation can reliably tune between the kinetic product, noninterpenetrated MIL-88D(Fe), and the thermodynamic product, two-fold interpenetrated MIL-126(Fe). Density functional theory simulations reveal that correlated disorder of the terminal anions on the metal clusters results in hydrogen bonding between adjacent nets in the interpenetrated phase and this is the thermodynamic driving force for its formation. Coordination modulation slows self-assembly and therefore selects the thermodynamic product MIL-126(Fe), while offering fine control over defectivity, inducing mesoporosity, but electron microscopy shows MIL-88D(Fe) persists in many samples despite not being evident by diffraction. Interpenetration control is also demonstrated using the 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylate linker; it is energetically prohibitive for it to adopt the twisted conformation required to form the interpenetrated phase, although multiple alternative phases are identified due to additional coordination of Fe cations to its N donors. Finally, we introduce oxidation modulation—the use of metal precursors in different oxidation states from that found in the final MOF—to kinetically control self-assembly. Combining coordination and oxidation modulation allows the synthesis of pristine MIL-126(Fe) with BET surface areas close to the predicted maximum for the first time, suggesting that combining the two may be a powerful methodology for the controlled self-assembly of high-valent MOFs.

Type: Article
Title: Kinetic Control of Interpenetration in Fe-Biphenyl-4,4 '-dicarboxylate Metal-Organic Frameworks by Coordination and Oxidation Modulation
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03269
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b03269
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Chemistry
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10085204
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