Sinitsky, DM;
Fernando, B;
Potts, H;
Lykoudis, P;
Hamilton, G;
Berlingieri, P;
(2020)
Development of a structured virtual reality curriculum for laparoscopic appendicectomy.
The American Journal of Surgery
, 219
(4)
pp. 613-621.
10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.04.020.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) is a common surgical emergency procedure mainly performed by trainees. The aim was to develop a step-wise structured virtual reality (VR) curriculum for LA to allow junior surgeons to hone their skills in a safe and controlled environment. METHODS: A prospective randomized study was designed using a high-fidelity VR simulator. Thirty-five novices and 25 experts participated in the assessment and their performances were compared to assess construct validity. Learning curve analysis was performed. RESULTS: Five of the psychomotor tasks and all appendicectomy tasks showed construct validity. Learning was demonstrated in the majority of construct-valid tasks. A novel goal-directed VR curriculum for LA was constructed. CONCLUSIONS: A step-wise structured VR curriculum for LA is proposed with a framework which includes computer generated metrics and supports deliberate practice, spacing intervals, human instruction/feedback and assessment. Future study should test the feasibility of its implementation and transferability of acquired skill.
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