Cheng, Suk Fun;
(2019)
The identification of the vulnerable carotid plaque and haemodynamic compromise of the brain in carotid artery stenosis.
Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).
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Abstract
Introduction: Carotid stenosis plays a large role in the aetiology of ischaemic stroke. The main mechanism of carotid stenosis causing stroke is the forming of thrombus and consequently embolus formation. Another mechanism is the compromise in haemodynamics: reduced blood flow distal from the stenosis causing hypoperfusion of the brain. This work investigates the current prevalence of carotid stenosis in ischaemic stroke. It also explores the role of transcranial Doppler (TCD) and brain perfusion imaging with magnetic resonance imaging in patients with carotid stenosis. Methods: The current prevalence of carotid stenosis was assessed in a comprehensive Central London hyper-acute stroke unit and a systematic review with meta-regression analysis was conducted on the prevalence of carotid stenosis. Patient individual risk factors and morphological characteristics of the carotid plaque were associated with the presence of micro-embolic signals on TCD. The perfusion of the brain was assessed in patients with carotid stenosis and those who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Results: The prevalence of carotid stenosis 350% in the local stroke unit was 19.0%, including 7.9% with symptomatic stenosis. The pooled prevalence estimate of carotid stenosis, described in 37 studies in the literature, was 16.0% and has not declined over time. Intraplaque haemorrhage was associated with a higher risk of future stroke by detection of micro-embolic signals on TCD. Haemodynamic factors played a great role in stroke, especially in patients with stenosis 370%. Cerebral perfusion improved significantly in patients who underwent CEA, especially in those who initially had 370% stenosis. Conclusion: Morphology of the plaque, more than the degree of stenosis, is an important predictive feature of the unstable carotid plaque, whilst the degree of stenosis is more relevant to the hypoperfused brain. There is evidence for a synergic role of embolism and haemodynamic compromise as a mechanism of ischaemic stroke in carotid stenosis.
| Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Qualification: | Ph.D |
| Title: | The identification of the vulnerable carotid plaque and haemodynamic compromise of the brain in carotid artery stenosis |
| Event: | UCL (University College London) |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © The Author 2019. Original content in this thesis is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Any third-party copyright material present remains the property of its respective owner(s) and is licensed under its existing terms. Access may initially be restricted at the author’s request. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Brain Repair and Rehabilitation |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10078930 |
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