Tillmann, T;
Vaucher, J;
Okbay, A;
Pikhart, H;
Peasey, A;
Kubinova, R;
Pajak, A;
... Holmes, M; + view all
(2017)
Education and coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study.
BioRxiv
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Abstract
Objectives To determine whether educational attainment is a causal risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Design Mendelian randomization study, where genetic data are used as proxies for education, in order to minimize confounding. A two-sample design was applied, where summary level genetic data was analysed from two publically available consortia. Setting In the main analysis, we analysed genetic data from two large consortia (CARDIoGRAM and SSGAC), comprising of 112 cohorts from predominantly high-income countries. In addition, we also analysed genetic data from 7 additional large consortia, in order to identify putative causal mediators. Participants The main analysis was of 589 377 men and women, predominantly of European origin. Exposure A one standard deviation increase in the genetic predisposition towards higher education (i.e. 3.6 years of additional schooling). This was measured by 162 genetic variants that have been previously associated with education. Main outcome Combined fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (63 746 events). Results 3.6 years of additional education lowered the risk of coronary heart disease by a third (odds ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.77, p=0.01). Equivalent increases in education were also causally associated with reductions in smoking, BMI and improvements in blood lipid profiles. Conclusions More time spent in education is causally associated with a large reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease. This may be partly explained by changes to smoking, BMI and a blood lipids. These findings offer support for policy interventions that increase education, in order to also reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.
| Type: | Working / discussion paper |
|---|---|
| Title: | Education and coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1101/106237 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1101/106237 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10078383 |
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