Rasheed, S;
Hashmi, I;
Kim, JK;
Zhou, Q;
Campos, LC;
(2018)
Species-specific interaction of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in a scaled-up distribution network using response surface methodology (RSM).
Environmental Technology
, 39
(3)
pp. 346-355.
10.1080/09593330.2017.1301564.
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Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was used to monitor and optimize species-specific interaction of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in a scaled-up distribution network (DN). Independent variables such as applied chlorine (Cl2), contact time (t), humic acid (HA) and bromide ions (Br−) were analyzed using full factorial CCD. Analysis of variance revealed a good agreement between experimental data and proposed a two-factor interaction model (p = .04, R2 = 0.7983). As a precursor, Cl− and Br− interaction with HA affected THMs’ speciation. These precursor molecules were perceived least significant as discrete elements but HA: Br− and pH product significantly impacted total trihalomethane (TTHM) formation (r = 0.998, p = .007). This mutual interactive fraction was observed pH-dependent and influenced TTHM yield. Dibromochloromethane and bromoform formation was observed pH-dependent provided sufficient Br− in the system. Applied chlorine had significant (p = .01), while time had insignificant (p = .75) effect. Multiple response optimization suggested pH range between 6.0 and 7.6 and HA: Br− ratio between 1.3 and 5.9 were satisfactory for maintaining TTHM below ≤80 μg/L in DN with 0.88 desirability function (D). Their respective concentration may be minimized by changing precursor’s individual concentration and possible combinations.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Species-specific interaction of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in a scaled-up distribution network using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1080/09593330.2017.1301564 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1301564 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Trihalomethanes, Distribution network, Precursors, Chlorine, Response surface methodology (RSM) |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Civil, Environ and Geomatic Eng |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10072991 |
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