Mliczak, Renata; (2019) A Diachronic Study of Subtitling for the Deaf and the Hard-of-Hearing in Poland. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

This research project provides a thorough and detailed picture of the developments that have taken, and are taking, place in Poland in terms of Subtitling for the Deaf and the Hard-of-Hearing (SDH), with a special focus on SDH for television but including other media like DVD, theatre, cinema and the internet. Aspects such as the medical, cultural and linguistic nature of deafness, the history of SDH and its principal characteristics are explored in detail, followed by a diachronic study of SDH on Polish television. The theoretical framework of the study draws mainly on descriptive translation studies and is based on concepts such as norms and patronage. The investigation elucidates SDH norms frequent in Poland from the inception of the service by public service television in 1994 and up until 2010. It later focuses on the analysis of some key SDH features and their evolution in the period from 2011 until 2017. 2011 was a symbolic year in media history, when the obligation to provide a minimum of 10% of accessible programming on Polish television became legally binding. The characteristics of SDH, which are explored in detail, include subtitle speed and editing, as well as extra- and paralinguistic elements. The explanations and examples presented in the thesis are backed up by semi-structured interviews with subtitlers as well as by the analysis of numerous subtitling files generously provided by the Polish public service television and by subtitlers working for private stations and non-governmental organisations. The study aims to chart the historical development of SDH in Poland, whilst unravelling the SDH norms that were in operation in the two specified periods – 1994-2010 and 2011-2017 – and led to the current standards.

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