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Diagnosis, pathogenesis and outcome in leucocyte chemotactic factor 2 (ALECT2) amyloidosis

Rezk, T; Gilbertson, JA; Rowczenio, D; Bass, P; Lachmann, HJ; Wechalekar, AD; Fontana, M; ... Gillmore, JD; + view all (2018) Diagnosis, pathogenesis and outcome in leucocyte chemotactic factor 2 (ALECT2) amyloidosis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation , 33 (2) pp. 241-247. 10.1093/ndt/gfw375. Green open access

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Abstract

Introduction: Renal biopsy series from North America suggest that leucocyte chemotactic factor 2 (ALECT2) amyloid is the third most common type of renal amyloid. We report the first case series from a European Centre of prevalence, clinical presentation and diagnostic findings in ALECT2 amyloidosis and report long-term patient and renal outcomes for the first time. Methods: We studied the clinical features, diagnostic investigations and the outcome of all patients with ALECT2 amyloidosis followed systematically at the UK National Amyloidosis Centre (NAC) between 1994 and 2015. Results: Twenty-four patients, all non-Caucasian, were diagnosed with ALECT2 amyloidosis representing 1.3% of all patients referred to the NAC with biopsy-proved renal amyloid. Diagnosis was made at median age of 62 years, usually from renal histology; immunohistochemical staining was definitive for ALECT2 fibril type. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at diagnosis was 33 mL/min/1.73 m2 and median proteinuria was 0.5 g/24 h. Hepatic amyloid was evident on serum amyloid P component (SAP) scintigraphy in 11/24 cases but was not associated with significant derangement of liver function. No patient had evidence of cardiac amyloidosis or amyloid neuropathy. Median follow-up was 4.8 (range 0.5–15.2) years, during which four patients died and four progressed to end-stage renal disease. The mean rate of GFR loss was 4.2 (range 0.5–9.6) mL/min/year and median estimated renal survival from diagnosis was 8.2 years. Serial SAP scans revealed little or no change in total body amyloid burden. Conclusions: ALECT2 amyloidosis is a relatively benign type of renal amyloid, associated with a slow GFR decline, which is reliably diagnosed on renal histology. Neither the molecular basis nor the factors underlying the apparent restriction of ALECT2 amyloidosis to non-Caucasian populations have been determined.

Type: Article
Title: Diagnosis, pathogenesis and outcome in leucocyte chemotactic factor 2 (ALECT2) amyloidosis
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw375
Publisher version: http://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfw375
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords: amyloidosis, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, leucocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis, proteinuria
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Inflammation
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Renal Medicine
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10044079
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