Griffin, M;
Kalaskar, D;
(2016)
Applications of nanomaterials in mechano-sensitive tissues.
In:
Nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine.
(pp. 385-416).
IAPC-OBC Publishing: Zagreb, Croatia.
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Abstract
Bone, cartilage and tendon defects have specific structural, chemical and biological compositions. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of these musculoskeletal tissues interacts with cells to guide tissue formation. Since the ECM of such tissues is at the nanoscale, scaffolds in development are being developed which can mimic these structure. The structural features of the scaffolds affects cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. In order to repair musculoskeletal defects of bone, cartilage or tendon, synthetic materials are widely used. It is important that such materials must mimic the natural environment and provide an optimal matrix environment, biological properties including appropriate chemical cues such as growth factors and optimal mechanical properties to guide tissue regeneration. This chapter provides an overview of the properties of nanomaterials for bone, cartilage and tendon regeneration. It covers the aspects of incorporating nanoparticles with scaffolds to improve mechanical properties and the biocompatibility of polymers. The design, fabrication, challenges and success of incorporating of growth factors, genetic cues and drugs to enhance mechano-sentesive tissue has been provided with concluding remarkes on the future challenges and directions of nanomaterials for musculoskeletal tissues.
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