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Describing Excited State Relaxation and Localization in TiO2 Nanoparticles Using TD-DFT

Berardo, E; Hu, H-S; van Dam, HJJ; Shevlin, SA; Woodley, SM; Kowalski, K; Zwijnenburg, MA; (2014) Describing Excited State Relaxation and Localization in TiO2 Nanoparticles Using TD-DFT. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION , 10 (12) 5538 - 5548. 10.1021/ct500787x. Green open access

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Abstract

We have investigated the description of excited state relaxation in naked and hydrated TiO2 nanoparticles using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) with three common hybrid exchange-correlation (XC) potentials: B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP and BHLYP. Use of TD-CAM-B3LYP and TD-BHLYP yields qualitatively similar results for all structures, which are also consistent with predictions of coupled-cluster theory for small particles. TD-B3LYP, in contrast, is found to make rather different predictions; including apparent conical intersections for certain particles that are not observed with TD-CAM-B3LYP nor with TD-BHLYP. In line with our previous observations for vertical excitations, the issue with TD-B3LYP appears to be the inherent tendency of TD-B3LYP, and other XC potentials with no or a low percentage of Hartree–Fock like exchange, to spuriously stabilize the energy of charge-transfer (CT) states. Even in the case of hydrated particles, for which vertical excitations are generally well described with all XC potentials, the use of TD-B3LYP appears to result in CT problems during excited state relaxation for certain particles. We hypothesize that the spurious stabilization of CT states by TD-B3LYP even may drive the excited state optimizations to different excited state geometries from those obtained using TD-CAM-B3LYP or TD-BHLYP. Finally, focusing on the TD-CAM-B3LYP and TD-BHLYP results, excited state relaxation in small naked and hydrated TiO2 nanoparticles is predicted to be associated with a large Stokes’ shift.

Type: Article
Title: Describing Excited State Relaxation and Localization in TiO2 Nanoparticles Using TD-DFT
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1021/ct500787x
Publisher version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ct500787x
Language: English
Additional information: ACS AuthorChoice - This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Chemistry
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1462274
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