Sonner, J; Green, AG; (2012) Hawking radiation and nonequilibrium quantum critical current noise. Physical Review Letters , 109 (9) , Article 091601. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.091601.

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Abstract

The dynamical scaling of quantum critical systems in thermal equilibrium may be inherited in the driven steady state, leading to universal out-of-equilibrium behavior. This attractive notion has been demonstrated in just a few cases. We demonstrate how holography—a mapping between the quantum critical system and a gravity dual—provides an illuminating perspective and new results. Nontrivial out-of-equilibrium universality is particularly apparent in current noise, which is dual to Hawking radiation in the gravitational system. We calculate this in a two-dimensional system driven by a strong in-plane electric field and deduce a universal scaling function interpolating between previously established equilibrium and far-from-equilibrium current noise. Since this applies at all fields, out-of-equilibrium experiments no longer require very high fields for comparison with theory.

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