Verisqa, Fiona;
Park, Jeong-Hui;
Mandakhbayar, Nandin;
Cha, Jae-Ryung;
Nguyen, Linh;
Kim, Hae-Won;
Knowles, Jonathan C;
(2024)
In Vivo Osteogenic and Angiogenic Properties of a 3D-Printed Isosorbide-Based Gyroid Scaffold Manufactured via Digital Light Processing.
Biomedicines
, 12
(3)
, Article 609. 10.3390/biomedicines12030609.
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Abstract
Introduction: Osteogenic and angiogenic properties of synthetic bone grafts play a crucial role in the restoration of bone defects. Angiogenesis is recognised for its support in bone regeneration, particularly in larger defects. The objective of this study is to evaluate the new bone formation and neovascularisation of a 3D-printed isosorbide-based novel CSMA-2 polymer in biomimetic gyroid structures. Methods: The gyroid scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing CSMA-2 polymers with different hydroxyapatite (HA) filler concentrations using the digital light processing (DLP) method. A small animal subcutaneous model and a rat calvaria critical-size defect model were performed to analyse tissue compatibility, angiogenesis, and new bone formation. Results: The in vivo results showed good biocompatibility of the 3D-printed gyroid scaffolds with no visible prolonged inflammatory reaction. Blood vessels were found to infiltrate the pores from day 7 of the implantation. New bone formation was confirmed with positive MT staining and BMP-2 expression, particularly on scaffolds with 10% HA. Bone volume was significantly higher in the CSMA-2 10HA group compared to the sham control group. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of the subcutaneous model demonstrated a favourable tissue response, including angiogenesis and fibrous tissue, indicative of the early wound healing process. The results from the critical-size defect model showcased new bone formation, as confirmed by micro-CT imaging and immunohistochemistry. The combination of CSMA-2 as the 3D printing material and the gyroid as the 3D structure was found to support essential events in bone healing, specifically angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | In Vivo Osteogenic and Angiogenic Properties of a 3D-Printed Isosorbide-Based Gyroid Scaffold Manufactured via Digital Light Processing |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3390/biomedicines12030609 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030609 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | 3D printing; gyroid structure; bone; implant; in vivo |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Eastman Dental Institute UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Eastman Dental Institute > Biomaterials and Tissue Eng |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10189544 |
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