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Fractionated vs single-dose gemtuzumab ozogamicin with determinants of benefit in older patients with AML: the UK NCRI AML18 trial

Freeman, SD; Thomas, A; Thomas, I; Hills, RK; Vyas, P; Gilkes, A; Metzner, M; ... Russell, NH; + view all (2023) Fractionated vs single-dose gemtuzumab ozogamicin with determinants of benefit in older patients with AML: the UK NCRI AML18 trial. Blood , 142 (20) pp. 1697-1707. 10.1182/blood.2023020630.

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Abstract

Addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) to induction chemotherapy improves outcomes in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but it is uncertain whether a fractionated schedule provides additional benefit to a single dose. We randomized 852 older adults (median age, 68-years) with AML/high-risk myelodysplasia to GO on day 1 (GO1) or on days 1 and 4 (GO2) of course 1 induction. The median follow-up period was 50.2 months. Although complete remission (CR) rates after course 1 did not significantly differ between arms (GO2, 63%; GO1, 57%; odds ratio [OR], 0.78; P = .08), there were significantly more patients who achieved CR with a measurable residual disease (MRD)<0.1% (50% vs 41%; OR, 0.72; P = .027). This differential MRD reduction with GO2 varied across molecular subtypes, being greatest for IDH mutations. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 29% for patients in the GO2 arm and 24% for those in the GO1 arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; P = .14). In a sensitivity analysis excluding patients found to have adverse cytogenetics or TP53 mutations, the 5-year OS was 33% for GO2 and 26% for GO1 (HR, 0.83; P = .045). In total, 228 (27%) patients received an allogeneic transplantation in first remission. Posttransplant OS was superior in the GO2 arm (HR, 0.67; P = .033); furthermore, the survival advantage from GO2 in the sensitivity analysis was lost when data of patients were censored at transplantation. In conclusion, GO2 was associated with a greater reduction in MRD and improved survival in older adults with nonadverse risk genetics. This benefit from GO2 was dependent on allogeneic transplantation to translate the better leukemia clearance into improved survival. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as #ISRCTN 31682779.

Type: Article
Title: Fractionated vs single-dose gemtuzumab ozogamicin with determinants of benefit in older patients with AML: the UK NCRI AML18 trial
Location: United States
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020630
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2023020630
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the version of record. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords: Humans, Aged, Gemtuzumab, Daunorubicin, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Cytarabine, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, United Kingdom, Aminoglycosides, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Cancer Institute
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Cancer Institute > Research Department of Haematology
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10183466
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