Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina;
Carcel, Cheryl;
Woodward, Mark;
Hockham, Carinna;
(2023)
Women's representation in clinical trials of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Clinical Kidney Journal
, 16
(9)
pp. 1457-1464.
10.1093/ckj/sfad018.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD), including epidemiology and response to treatment, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how women are represented in CKD clinical trials and whether sex- and gender-disaggregated outcomes were reported. METHODS: Clinical trials on CKD were identified from ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomised, phase 3/4 trials with ≥100 participants were selected to quantify women's representation among participants by computing the participation:prevalence ratio (PPR) and investigating whether sex-disaggregated analyses had been performed. RESULTS: In total, 192 CKD trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and published between 1995 and 2022 were included. Overall, women accounted for 66 875 (45%) of the 147 136 participants. Women's participation in clinical trials was lower than their representation in the underlying CKD population globally (55%). The PPR was 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.72–0.78), with no significant variation irrespective of mean age, CKD stage, dialysis, location, type of intervention or funding agency. A total of 39 (20%) trials reported sex-disaggregated efficacy outcomes and none reported sex-disaggregated safety outcomes. CONCLUSION: Women's participation in CKD clinical trials was lower than their representation in the underlying CKD population. Sex-disaggregated efficacy and safety outcomes were rarely reported. Improving women's enrolment into clinical trials is crucial to enable sex- and gender-disaggregated analysis and thus identify potential differences in treatment response between women and men.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Women's representation in clinical trials of patients with chronic kidney disease |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1093/ckj/sfad018 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfad018 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
| Keywords: | Chronic kidney disease, randomised clinical trials, sex-disaggregated analysis, women's representation |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Health Informatics UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Health Informatics > Infectious Disease Informatics |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10176859 |
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