Milosevic, Jelena; (2000) Isolation and characterization of natural products from Olea europaea and some biological activities. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

Throughout the centuries the olive tree has been regarded as a part of tradition, both socially and culturally. The production of oil is the primary objective in processing olives. The residues from olive oil production are used for soil fertilisation and the waste waters for antioxidant and insecticide purposes. The objective of this study is to explore further the therapeutic and biotechnological potential of the olive, both extracts and pure compounds, by studying their pharmaceutical properties. The skins of fruits are their first defence, both physiological and biological, against the microbiological, parasitic and physical aspects of their environment. Olive skins were isolated and sequentially extracted with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. Each of the extracts was tested for antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antiparasitic activity, then further separated and the components structurally identified using 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and combined High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Potentially, within the European Union hundreds of tons of by-products from olive oil production could have biotechnological, chemical and medicinal uses. The triglycerides in olive oil have been thoroughly studied but the phospholipid content and their structures have received little attention. Using high resolution NMR profiling combined with electrospray MS and ion-exchange chromatography the neutral lipids, fatty acids and phospholipid content were determined. Unlike mammalian lipid extracts, extracts from olives were complicated by the co-extraction of lipid like secondary metabolites. It was therefore a complex matter to extract and purify olive phospholipids for biotechnological proposes. The solvent extracts from olive pulp were separated by silica column chromatography, further separated by HPLC and the fractions obtained identified by NMR and MS. In the analysis of the olive pulp phenol glycosides were found.

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