Kingsmill, Virginia Jane; (1996) Bone structure and turnover in the adult human mandible. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

This thesis describes some aspects of the bony anatomy of the adult human mandible and the changes that occur with aging and tooth loss. Factors that might influence the resorption phase of remodelling in the edentulous mandible are addressed:- including the mineralization density, the effect of the collagen orientation, and the systemic environment. Bone sections were prepared for scanning electron microscopy, and to aid the study of their complex 3-D architecture, alternative coating and embedding techniques were investigated. Video-rate reflection confocal laser scanning microscopical mapping was used in in vitro quantitative resorption studies using isolated osteoclasts to investigate the possible influence of the arrangement of extrinsic collagen fibres; the bone origin (dermal or endoskeletal); and the life or death of the contained osteocytes. The results showed that extrinsic collagen fibre orientation, the origin of the bone and its vitality all affected the degree to which it could be resorbed by osteoclasts in vitro. To compare changes in other skeletal sites with those in the mandible, the apparent density and the mineralization density of bones from cranial (parietal bone and mandible) and postcranial origins (lumbar vertebra, iliac crest, femoral neck) were compared using quantitative digital backscattered electron imaging. For all bones studied, no relationship was found between the apparent and the mineralization densities. This implies that bone quantity is independent of bone quality. In addition, it was found that bones from postcranial sites possess more similar features to each other than to bones of the head, supporting the view of their having different behaviours related to their embryological and evolutionary origins. The findings have implications in grafting, the placement of implants, and the interpretation of future resorption experiments, as well as clinical relevance for the aging, edentulous population.

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