Leung, Theresa; (1998) Cellular and Tissue Responses to Implant Materials: Development of a Novel Organ Culture Model. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

The development and use of endosseous implants in dentistry have increased worldwide since the introduction of the concept of "osseointegration". This concept of a direct bone-to-metal interface, according to Branemark, consists of a highly differentiated tissue making a direct structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of an implant. Much of the research supporting this concept was based on in vivo animal studies and clinical results from human patients. In vitro models are increasingly being used to examine the short-term behaviour and function of connective tissue cells on implant surfaces. The first section of this thesis presents an examination of the dynamic behaviour of fibroblast cells cultured in vitro, using time-laspe video micrography, to evaluate initial attachment and spreading. It is acknowledged that in vitro culturing of isolated cells on the biomaterials may not represent all the characteristics of tissue responses around dental implants in vivo since the structural organization of connective tissue is lost in these systems. The main aim of the work presented in this thesis was to develop a new organ culture model for studying bone-biomaterial interactions. This model is based on grafting bone explants onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick eggs. The model was characterised to provide a test bed for the assessment of early bone-biomaterial interactions. The stages of development of the early bone-implant interface were studied using commercially pure titanium and a glass ceramic material, Apoceram. Light microscopy, histochemical, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical examinations were carried out. The feasibility of using the model for studying the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on bone healing around the implants was assessed and the role of the CAM graft model as a bridge between in vitro and in vivo methods of studying bone-implant interactions examined.

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