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The impact of sample size on the reproducibility of voxel-based lesion-deficit mappings

Lorca-Puls, D; Gajardo-Vidal, A; White, J; Seghier, M; Leff, A; Green, D; Crinion, J; ... Price, C; + view all (2018) The impact of sample size on the reproducibility of voxel-based lesion-deficit mappings. Neuropsychologia , 115 pp. 101-111. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.014. Green open access

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Abstract

This study investigated how sample size affects the reproducibility of findings from univariate voxel-based lesion-deficit analyses (e.g., voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping and voxel-based morphometry). Our effect of interest was the strength of the mapping between brain damage and speech articulation difficulties, as measured in terms of the proportion of variance explained. First, we identified a region of interest by searching on a voxel-by-voxel basis for brain areas where greater lesion load was associated with poorer speech articulation using a large sample of 360 right-handed English-speaking stroke survivors. We then randomly drew thousands of bootstrap samples from this data set that included either 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 360 patients. For each resample, we recorded effect size estimates and p values after conducting exactly the same lesion-deficit analysis within the previously identified region of interest and holding all procedures constant. The results show (1) how often small effect sizes in a heterogeneous population fail to be detected; (2) how effect size and its statistical significance varies with sample size; (3) how low-powered studies (due to small sample sizes) can greatly over-estimate as well as under-estimate effect sizes; and (4) how large sample sizes (N ≥ 90) can yield highly significant p values even when effect sizes are so small that they become trivial in practical terms. The implications of these findings for interpreting the results from univariate voxel-based lesion-deficit analyses are discussed.

Type: Article
Title: The impact of sample size on the reproducibility of voxel-based lesion-deficit mappings
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.014
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03...
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/).
Keywords: Voxel-based, Lesion-symptom, Lesion, Deficit, Reproducibility, Stroke, Speech production
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Div of Psychology and Lang Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Div of Psychology and Lang Sciences > Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Brain Repair and Rehabilitation
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Imaging Neuroscience
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10045159
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