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Utility of Whole Blood Thiamine Pyrophosphate Evaluation in TPK1-Related Diseases

Bugiardini, E; Pope, S; Feichtinger, RG; Poole, OV; Pittman, AM; Woodward, CE; Heales, S; ... Pitceathly, RDS; + view all (2019) Utility of Whole Blood Thiamine Pyrophosphate Evaluation in TPK1-Related Diseases. Journal Of Clinical Medicine , 8 (7) , Article 991. 10.3390/jcm8070991. Green open access

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Abstract

TPK1 mutations are a rare, but potentially treatable, cause of thiamine deficiency. Diagnosis is challenging given the phenotypic overlap that exists with other metabolic and neurological disorders. We report a case of TPK1-related disease presenting with Leigh-like syndrome and review the diagnostic utility of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) blood measurement. The proband, a 35-year-old male, presented at four months of age with recurrent episodes of post-infectious encephalopathy. He subsequently developed epilepsy, learning difficulties, sensorineural hearing loss, spasticity, and dysphagia. There was a positive family history for Leigh syndrome in an older brother. Plasma lactate was elevated (3.51 mmol/L) and brain MRI showed bilateral basal ganglia hyperintensities, indicative of Leigh syndrome. Histochemical and spectrophotometric analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II+III, and IV was normal. Genetic analysis of muscle mitochondrial DNA was negative. Whole exome sequencing of the proband confirmed compound heterozygous variants in TPK1: c. 426G>C (p. Leu142Phe) and c. 258+1G>A (p.?). Blood TPP levels were reduced, providing functional evidence for the deleterious effects of the variants. We highlight the clinical and bioinformatics challenges to diagnosing rare genetic disorders and the continued utility of biochemical analyses, despite major advances in DNA sequencing technology, when investigating novel, potentially disease-causing, genetic variants. Blood TPP measurement represents a fast and cost-effective diagnostic tool in TPK1-related diseases.

Type: Article
Title: Utility of Whole Blood Thiamine Pyrophosphate Evaluation in TPK1-Related Diseases
Location: Switzerland
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070991
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070991
Language: English
Additional information: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Keywords: mitochondrial diseases; TPK1; thiamine pyrophosphate; Leigh syndrome; thiamine deficiency
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Department of Neuromuscular Diseases
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Neurodegenerative Diseases
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health > Genetics and Genomic Medicine Dept
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10077972
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