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Is slower early growth beneficial for long-term cardiovascular health?

Singhal, A; Cole, TJ; Fewtrell, M; Deanfield, J; Lucas, A; (2004) Is slower early growth beneficial for long-term cardiovascular health? CIRCULATION , 109 (9) 1108 - 1113. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000118500.23649.DF. Green open access

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Abstract

Background - Accelerated neonatal growth increases the later propensity to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in animals, whereas slower growth is thought to have a beneficial effect. To test this hypothesis in humans, we measured flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD) in a population subject to slower early growth and in healthy controls.Methods and Results - High-resolution vascular ultrasound was used to measure the change in brachial artery diameter in response to reactive hyperemia in adolescents age 13 to 16 years who were either part of a cohort born preterm and followed up prospectively (n = 216) or controls born at term ( n = 61). Greater weight gain or linear growth in the first 2 weeks postnatally was associated with lower FMD at adolescence ( regression coefficient, - 0.026-mm change in mean arterial diameter per 100-g increase in weight; 95% CI, - 0.040 to - 0.012 mm; P = 0.0003) independent of birthweight and potential confounding factors. Mean FMD in the half of the preterm population with the lowest rates of early growth was higher than in both the half with the greatest growth ( P = 0.001) and subjects born at term ( P = 0.03).Conclusions - FMD was 4% lower in adolescents with the highest compared with the lowest rate of weight gain in the first 2 weeks after birth, a substantial negative effect similar to that for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or smoking in adults. Our findings are consistent with the adverse effects of accelerated neonatal growth on long-term cardiovascular health and suggest that postnatal growth patterns could explain the previously reported association between birthweight and later CVD.

Type: Article
Title: Is slower early growth beneficial for long-term cardiovascular health?
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000118500.23649.DF
Keywords: infants, vasodilation, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT, LATER BLOOD-PRESSURE, FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE, CATCH-UP GROWTH, ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, CHILDHOOD GROWTH, PRETERM INFANTS, EARLY NUTRITION
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science > Clinical Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health > Population, Policy and Practice Dept
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/7301
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