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Nanoindentation of bone: Comparison of specimens tested in liquid and embedded in polymethylmethacrylate

Bushby, AJ; Ferguson, VL; Boyde, A; (2004) Nanoindentation of bone: Comparison of specimens tested in liquid and embedded in polymethylmethacrylate. Journal of Materials Research , 19 (1) 249 - 259. 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.249. Green open access

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Abstract

Elastic modulus of bone was investigated by nanoindentation using common methods of sample preparation, data collection, and analysis, and compared to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA: three-point bending) for the same samples. Nanoindentation (Berkovich, 5 μm and 21 μm radii spherical indenters) and DMA were performed on eight wet and dehydrated (100% ethanol), machined equine cortical bone beams. Samples were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and mechanical tests repeated. Indentation direction was transverse to the bone long axis while DMA tested longitudinally, giving approximately 12% greater modulus in DMA. For wet samples, nanoindentation with spherical indenters revealed a low modulus surface layer. Estimates of the volume of material contributing to elastic modulus measurement showed that the surface layer influences the measured modulus at low loads. Consistent results were obtained for embedded tissue regardless of indenter geometry, provided appropriate methods and analysis were used. Modulus increased for nanoindentation (21 μm radius indenter) from 11.7 GPa ± 1.7 to 15.0 GPa ± 2.2 to 19.4 GPa ± 2.1, for wet, dehydrated in ethanol, and embedded conditions, respectively. The large increases in elastic modulus caused by replacing water with ethanol and ethanol with PMMA demonstrate that the role of water in fine pore space and its interaction with collagen strongly influence the mechanical behavior of the tissue.

Type: Article
Title: Nanoindentation of bone: Comparison of specimens tested in liquid and embedded in polymethylmethacrylate
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.249
Publisher version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.249
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright Cambridge University Press 2004
Keywords: Nanoindentation, Bone, Elastic properties
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/43744
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