Mattiuzzo, G;
Takeuchi, Y;
(2010)
Suboptimal Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Infection in Non-Human Primate Cells: Implication for Preclinical Xenotransplantation.
PLOS ONE
, 5
(10)
, Article e13203. 10.1371/journal.pone.0013203.
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Abstract
Background: Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) poses a potential risk of zoonotic infection in xenotransplantation. Preclinical transplantation trials using non-human primates (NHP) as recipients of porcine xenografts present the opportunity to assess the zoonosis risk in vivo. However, PERV poorly infects NHP cells for unclear reasons and therefore NHP may represent a suboptimal animal model to assess the risk of PERV zoonoses. We investigated the mechanism responsible for the low efficiency of PERV-A infection in NHP cells.Principal Findings: Two steps, cell entry and exit, were inefficient for the replication of high-titer, human-tropic A/C recombinant PERV. A restriction factor, tetherin, is likely to be responsible for the block to matured virion release, supported by the correlation between the levels of inhibition and tetherin expression. In rhesus macaque, cynomolgus macaque and baboon the main receptor for PERV entry, PERV-A receptor 1 (PAR-1), was found to be genetically deficient: PAR-1 genes in these species encode serine at amino acid 109 in place of the leucine in human PAR-1. This genetic defect inevitably impacts in vivo sensitivity to PERV infection of these species. In contrast, African green monkey (AGM) PAR-1 is functional, but PERV infection is still poor. Although the mechanism is unclear, tunicamycin treatment, which removes N-glycosylated sugar chains, increases PERV infection, suggesting a possible role for the glycosylation of the receptors.Conclusions: Since cynomolgus macaque and baboon, species often used in pig-to-NHP xenotransplantation experiments, have a defective PAR-1, they hardly represent an ideal animal model to assess the risk of PERV transmission in xenotransplantation. Alternatively, NHP species, like AGM, whose both PARs are functional may represent a better model than baboon and cynomolgus macaque for PERV zoonosis in vivo studies.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Suboptimal Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Infection in Non-Human Primate Cells: Implication for Preclinical Xenotransplantation |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0013203 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013203 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2010 Mattiuzzo, Takeuchi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This work was supported by the European Sixth Framework Programme (Life Science, Genomics and Biotechnology for Health) funded project LSHB-CT-2006-037377. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. |
| Keywords: | CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION, LIVING PIG-TISSUE, LARGE WHITE-PIG, IN-VITRO, HOST-RANGE, MINIATURE SWINE, NO EVIDENCE, SUBGROUP-A, PERV, IDENTIFICATION |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Infection and Immunity |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/352029 |
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