Eger, E.; Ashburner, J.; Haynes, J.-D.; Dolan, R.J.; Rees, G.; (2008) fMRI activity patterns in human LOC carry information about object exemplars within category. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 20 (2) pp. 356-370. 10.1162/jocn.2008.20019.

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Abstract

The lateral occipital complex (LOC) is a set of areas in human occipito-temporal cortex responding to objects as opposed to low-level control stimuli. Conventional fMRI analysis methods based on regional averages could not detect signals discriminative of different types of objects in this region. Here, we examined fMRI signals using multivariate pattern recognition (support vector classification), to systematically explore the nature of object-related information available in fine-grained activity patterns in LOC. Distributed BOLD signals from LOC allowed for above chance discrimination not only of the category, but also of within-category exemplars of everyday man-made objects, and such exemplar-specific information generalised across changes in stimulus size and viewpoint, particularly in posterior subregions. Object identity could also be predicted from responses of early visual cortex, even significantly across the changes in size and viewpoint used here. However, a dissociation was observed between these two regions of interest in the degree of discrimination for objects relative to size: in early visual cortex two different sizes of the same object were even better discriminated than two different objects (in accordance with measures of pixelwise stimulus similarity), while the opposite was true in LOC. These findings provide the first evidence that direct evoked fMRI activity patterns in LOC can be different for individual object exemplars (within a single category). We propose that pattern recognition methods as used here may provide an alternative approach to study mechanisms of neuronal representation based on aspects of the fMRI response independent of those assessed in adaptation paradigms.

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