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The association between knowledge of HPV and feelings of stigma, shame and anxiety

Waller, J; Marlow, LAV; Wardle, J; (2007) The association between knowledge of HPV and feelings of stigma, shame and anxiety. SEX TRANSM INFECT , 83 (2) 155 - 159. 10.1136/sti.2006.023333. Green open access

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Abstract

Objectives: To test the hypotheses that ( 1) women who know that human papillomavirus ( HPV) is sexually transmitted will expect to experience higher levels of stigma, shame and anxiety if they test positive for the virus than women who are not aware of the mode of transmission and ( 2) women who are aware of the high prevalence of HPV infection will expect to experience lower levels of stigma, shame and anxiety than women who underestimate its prevalence.Methods: A web-based survey in which information about HPV was manipulated to generate a 262 design ( awareness that HPV is sexually transmitted v no awareness; awareness of the high prevalence of HPV v no awareness). Participants ( n = 811) were female students. They were asked to imagine that they had tested positive for HPV. Outcome measures were expected stigma, shame and anxiety.Results: Great differences were observed in emotional reactions to imagining testing HPV positive between the four groups based on knowledge of HPV. Knowledge of the prevalence was associated with lower levels of stigma, shame and anxiety. Knowledge that HPV is sexually transmitted was associated with higher levels of stigma and shame, but not anxiety. Women who knew that HPV is sexually transmitted but not that it is highly prevalent had the highest scores for stigma and shame.Conclusions: Raising public awareness of the sexually transmitted nature of HPV has the potential to increase women's feelings of stigma and shame if they test positive for the virus. However, our findings suggest that ensuring women's awareness of HPV being common may reduce these feelings and also reduce anxiety, perhaps by "normalising'' the infection.

Type: Article
Title: The association between knowledge of HPV and feelings of stigma, shame and anxiety
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1136/sti.2006.023333
Publisher version: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259861...
Additional information: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and bui l d up on this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS, PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT, PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT, WOMEN
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health > Epidemiology and Public Health
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/168198
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