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Time to switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV in Europe and Thailand

Collins, J; (2018) Time to switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV in Europe and Thailand. Clinical Infectious Diseases , 66 (4) pp. 594-603. 10.1093/cid/cix854. Green open access

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Abstract

Background: Global data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with HIV is limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children <18-years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) plus non-NRTI (NNRTI) or boosted-protease inhibitor (PI)) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as: (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI-class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss-to-follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3,668 children included, median [IQR] age at ART initiation was 6.1 [1.7,10.5] years. Initial regimens were 32% PI, 34% nevirapine (NVP), 33% efavirenz-based. Median duration of follow-up from ART start was 5.4 [2.9,8.3] years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% CI 20, 23), with lowest incidence in Russia/Ukraine and highest in UK/Ireland. Median time to switch was 30 [15, 58] months, two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Among those switched, 65% had viral load <400c/mL at 12-months after start of second-line ART. Conclusions: One in five children switched to second-line by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch.

Type: Article
Title: Time to switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV in Europe and Thailand
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix854
Publisher version: http://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix854
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
Keywords: HIV, children, antiretroviral therapy, second-line, switch
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology > MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health > Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Dept
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health > Population, Policy and Practice Dept
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1575597
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