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Magnetic Resonance-Augmented Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Comprehensively Assessing Exercise Intolerance in Children with Cardiovascular Disease

Barber, NJ; Ako, EO; Kowalik, GT; Cheang, MH; Pandya, B; Steeden, JA; Moledina, S; (2016) Magnetic Resonance-Augmented Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Comprehensively Assessing Exercise Intolerance in Children with Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging , 9 (12) , Article e005282. 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005282. Green open access

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Conventional cardiopulmonary exercise testing can objectively measure exercise intolerance but cannot provide comprehensive evaluation of physiology. This requires additional assessment of cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen content difference. We developed magnetic resonance (MR)–augmented cardiopulmonary exercise testing to achieve this goal and assessed children with right heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Healthy controls (n=10) and children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; n=10) and repaired tetralogy of Fallot (n=10) underwent MR-augmented cardiopulmonary exercise testing. All exercises were performed on an MR-compatible ergometer, and oxygen uptake was continuously acquired using a modified metabolic cart. Simultaneous cardiac output was measured using a real-time MR flow sequence and combined with oxygen uptake to calculate arteriovenous oxygen content difference. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly lower in the PAH group (12.6±1.31 mL/kg per minute; P=0.01) and trended toward lower in the tetralogy of Fallot group (13.5±1.29 mL/kg per minute; P=0.06) compared with controls (16.7±1.37 mL/kg per minute). Although tetralogy of Fallot patients had the largest increase in cardiac output, they had lower resting (3±1.2 L/min per m2) and peak (5.3±1.2 L/min per m2) values compared with controls (resting 4.3±1.2 L/min per m2 and peak 6.6±1.2 L/min per m2) and PAH patients (resting 4.5±1.1 L/min per m2 and peak 5.9±1.1 L/min per m2). Both the PAH and tetralogy of Fallot patients had blunted exercise–induced increases in arteriovenous oxygen content difference. However, only the PAH patients had significantly reduced peak values (6.9±1.3 mlO2/100 mL) compared with controls (8.4±1.4 mlO2/100 mL; P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: MR-augmented cardiopulmonary exercise testing is feasible in both healthy children and children with cardiac disease. Using this novel technique, we have demonstrated abnormal exercise patterns in oxygen uptake, cardiac output, and arteriovenous oxygen content difference.

Type: Article
Title: Magnetic Resonance-Augmented Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Comprehensively Assessing Exercise Intolerance in Children with Cardiovascular Disease
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005282
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005282
Language: English
Additional information: © 2016 American Heart Association, Inc.
Keywords: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, exercise physiology, pediatric, pulmonary hypertension, tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Arterial-hypertension, Real-time, Phase-contrast, Cardiac Mri, Impact, Volume, Supine, Quantification, Percentiles, Performance
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Cardiovascular Science > Childrens Cardiovascular Disease
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1534844
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