Mathews, PM;
Ramulu, PY;
Swenor, BS;
Utine, CA;
Rubin, GS;
Akpek, EK;
(2017)
Functional impairment of reading in patients with dry eye.
British Journal of Ophthalmology
, 101
(4)
pp. 481-486.
10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-308237.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the impact of dry eye on reading performance. METHODS: Out-loud and silent reading in patients with clinically significant dry eye (n=41) and controls (n=50) was evaluated using standardised texts. Dry eye measures included tear film break-up time, Schirmer's test and corneal epithelial staining. Symptoms were assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). RESULTS: The dry eye group had a greater proportion of women as compared with the control group but did not differ in age, race, education level or visual acuity (p≥0.05 for all). Out-loud reading speed averaged 148 words per minute (wpm) in dry eye subjects and 163 wpm in controls (p=0.006). Prolonged silent reading speed averaged 199 wpm in dry eye subjects versus 226 wpm in controls (p=0.03). In multivariable regression models, out-loud and sustained silent reading speeds were 10 wpm (95% CI −20 to −1 wpm, p=0.039) and 14% (95% CI −25% to −2%, p=0.032) slower, respectively, in dry eye subjects as compared with controls. Greater corneal staining was associated with slower out-loud (−2 wpm/1 unit increase in staining score, 95% CI =−3 to −0.3 wpm) and silent (−2%, 95% CI −4 to −0.6 wpm) reading speeds (p<0.02 for both). Significant interactions were found between OSDI score and word-specific features (longer and less commonly used words) on out-loud reading speed (p<0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Dry eye is associated with slower out-loud and silent reading speeds, providing direct evidence regarding the functional impact of dry eye. Reading speed represents a measurable clinical finding that correlates directly with dry eye severity.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Functional impairment of reading in patients with dry eye |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-308237 |
| Publisher version: | http://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-308237 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Ophthalmology, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, OCULAR SURFACE DISEASE, RISK-FACTORS, CONTRAST SENSITIVITY, TEAR FILM, IMPACT, PREVALENCE, RELIABILITY, POPULATION, GLAUCOMA |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Institute of Ophthalmology |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1511110 |
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