Henderson, B; Fares, MA; Martin, ACR; (2016) An introduction to the protein molecule. In: Henderson, B and Fares, MA and Martin, ACR, (eds.) Protein Moonlighting in Biology and Medicine. (pp. 1-14). John Wiley and Sons, Inc: London, UK.

Text Chapter1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PROTEIN MOLECULE ANDREW MARTIN 090215.pdf Access restricted to UCL open access staff Download (291kB)

Abstract

It is estimated that up to 300 proteins have protein moonlighting behavior. Moonlighting protein is a mitochondrial protein essential for energy production. It is the second enzyme of the glycolytic pathway and a secreted pro‐cancer signal important in breast cancer. It is the central enzyme of glycolysis, which also performs the functions of the major bacterial virulence factors. Protein moonlighting might be one phenomenon that could account for the needs for small numbers of proteins to be able to “run a human”. The three examples of moonlighting proteins are cytochrome C (Cyt C), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Moonlighting proteins are firmly established as participants in normal cellular, tissue, and organismal homeostasis as well as being parts of the mechanisms of tissue pathology and infectious disease. Protein structures are largely determined by X‐ray crystallography where crystals of protein are bombarded with X‐rays that diffract.

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