Irving, JA; Miranda, E; Haq, I; Perez, J; Kotov, VR; Faull, SV; Motamedi-Shad, N; Irving, JA; Miranda, E; Haq, I; Perez, J; Kotov, VR; Faull, SV; Motamedi-Shad, N; Lomas, DA; - view fewer (2015) An antibody raised against a pathogenic serpin variant induces mutant-like behaviour in the wild-type protein. Biochem J , 468 (1) pp. 99-108. 10.1042/BJ20141569.

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Abstract

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to a transient intermediate may act as a catalyst for the corresponding reaction; here we show this principle can extend on a macro-molecular scale to the induction of mutant-like oligomerisation in a wild-type protein. Using the common, pathogenic Glu342Lys (Z) variant of α1-antitrypsin as antigen - whose native state is susceptible to the formation of a proto-oligomeric intermediate - we have produced a mAb (5E3) that increases the rate of oligomerisation of the wild-type (M) variant. Employing ELISA, gel shift, thermal stability and FRET time-course experiments, we show that mAb5E3 does not bind to the native state of α1-antitrypsin, but recognises a cryptic epitope in the vicinity of the post-helix A loop and strand 4C that is revealed upon transition to the polymerisation intermediate, and which persists in the ensuing oligomer. This epitope is not shared by loop-inserted monomeric conformations. We show the increased amenity to polymerisation by either the pathogenic Glu342Lys mutation or the binding of mAb5E3 occurs without affecting energetic barrier to polymerisation. As mAb5E3 also does not alter the relative stability of the monomer to intermediate, it acts in a manner similar to the Glu342Lys mutation, by facilitating the conformational interchange between these two states.

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