Gable, D.R.;
(2008)
The use of a genetic strategy to study the role of modulation of oxidative stress by uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 in the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes.
Doctoral thesis , University of London.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the early pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. The uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 are mitochondrial proteins found in man that have been implicated in protecting mammals from the effects of over-nutrition. Examination of the effect of genetic variation in the UCP2- UCP3 genetic cluster has so far been inconclusive. The aim of this thesis was to examine, using a genetic strategy, the hypothesis that the role of the uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 in the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes is via modification of oxidative stress. In a prospective study of nearly 3000 men the risk of type 2 diabetes at 10 years was increased for both the UCP2-866AA (1.94 1.18-3.19 : p=0.009) and the UCP3-55TT (2.06 1.06-3.99 : p=0.03) homozygotes. This increased risk was not explained by the association with any measured conventional risk factors. Paradoxically, in a Europe-wide cross-sectional study of 598 subjects the UCP2-866A variant was associated with lower waist-hip ratio (GX v AA,1.00 0.06 v 0.98 0.07 p=0.003), although also associated with lower insulin secretion (42.6 24.6 v 35.6 18.6 p=0.03). The UCP3 variant was not significantly associated with any metabolic trait. The significant heritability of plasma markers of oxidative stress (TAS 0.54, TOAS 0.49) suggests anti-oxidant function is a plausible mechanism to determine Type 2 Diabetes risk. The predictors of anti-oxidant stress in a family study were examined, as was the impact of UCP2-UCP3 gene cluster variation. Genetic variation in the UCP2-UCP3 was found to increase the risk of the Type 2 diabetes. While UCP2 may modify insulin secretion directly, the mechanism of action for UCP3 is likely to involve novel risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes such as modification of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Finally, the development of a human model is described to examine genetic influences on oxidative stress burden using a meal rich in used cooking oil.
| Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Title: | The use of a genetic strategy to study the role of modulation of oxidative stress by uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 in the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. |
| Identifier: | PQ ETD:591249 |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Thesis digitised by Proquest |
| UCL classification: | |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1443986 |
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