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Short Communication: Evidence That Microbial Translocation Occurs in HIV-Infected Children in the United Kingdom

Fitzgerald, F; Harris, K; Doyle, R; Alber, D; Klein, N; (2013) Short Communication: Evidence That Microbial Translocation Occurs in HIV-Infected Children in the United Kingdom. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses , 29 (12) 1589 - 1593. 10.1089/aid.2013.0097. Green open access

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Abstract

Microbial translocation ( MT) from the gut is implicated in driving immune activation, increasing morbidity and mortality in HIV. We used bacterial 16S rDNA PCR, Sanger sequencing, and high-throughput sequencing to identify microbial DNA in the bloodstream of HIV-infected children in London, United Kingdom. Blood samples were collected from sequential children attending the HIV clinic at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London. DNA extraction, broad range 16S rDNA PCR, and standard Sanger sequencing were carried out. A subset of positive samples was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (Roche 454 platform). Of 105 samples collected from sequential children, nine were positive using broad range 16S rDNA PCR (8.6%; 95% CI 4.4–16%). From three amplicons, 16S rDNA sequences were identified as Streptococcus , Propionibacterium acnes, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus . Four positive samples were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. In the three samples in which organisms were identified by Sanger sequencing, the same species were identified. Further species, in differing proportions, were identified in all four samples. The identified organisms included known gut orders Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidales, and Clostridiales. In immunocompetent children of equiva- lent age, no bacterial DNA was detected in blood using this approach. This is the first study to our knowledge using molecular techniques to identify MT in children in the developed world. Our data indicate that 16S rDNA is detectable in 8.6% of HIV-infected children. Levels of DNA were low and from multiple bacterial species. Further studies are needed to ascertain the importance of MT in HIV-infected children.

Type: Article
Title: Short Communication: Evidence That Microbial Translocation Occurs in HIV-Infected Children in the United Kingdom
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0097
Publisher version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2013.0097
Language: English
Additional information: © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License. You are free to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this work, but you must attribute this work as "AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. Copyright 2013 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. http:/ /liebertpub.com/aid, used under a Creative Commons Attribution License: http:/ /creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/" PMC ID: PMC3848482
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health > Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Dept
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1417313
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