Khalik, L.A.H.; (1980) The composition and technology of copper artefacts from Jericho and some related sites. Doctoral thesis , University of London.

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Abstract

One hundred and thirty nine objects from Jericho, the Amman Airport site, and Sahab were sampled. These artefacts are weapons, tools ornaments and miscellaneous items, dating from the Bronze Age (EB, EB-MB, MB and LB). Atomic absorption spectroscopy was adopted for the analysis. Fifty artefacts were sectioned for metallographical examination., the study of different objects shows the development of the metallurgical technique in ancient Palestine - based on Jericho - during the different periods of the Bronze Age. Important metal ingots, runners and scraps indicate that secondary metallurgical processes were carried out on the tell of Jericho. The chemical composition of the artefacts illustrates the different stages of alloying during the Bronze Age: EB = Either copper or arsenical copper. EB-MB = Mainly arsenic-copper alloy, sometimes tin-copper. MB=Both alloys appear together, sometimes a mixture of high arsenic and tin is present in the same artefact. LB=The age of high tin bronze, but copper or arsenical copper appear rarely. Also, four artefacts proved to be silver, and one to be silver-plated.

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