Ramsay, SE;
Whincup, PH;
Hardoon, SL;
Lennon, LT;
Morris, RW;
Wannamethee, SG;
(2011)
Social Class Differences in Secular Trends in Established Coronary Risk Factors over 20 Years: A Cohort Study of British Men from 1978-80 to 1998-2000.
PLOS ONE
, 6
(5)
, Article e19742. 10.1371/journal.pone.0019742.
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Abstract
Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the UK since the late 1970s has declined more markedly among higher socioeconomic groups. However, little is known about changes in coronary risk factors in different socioeconomic groups. This study examined whether changes in established coronary risk factors in Britain over 20 years between 1978-80 and 1998-2000 differed between socioeconomic groups.Methods and Findings: A socioeconomically representative cohort of 7735 British men aged 40-59 years was followed-up from 1978-80 to 1998-2000; data on blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and cigarette smoking were collected at both points in 4252 survivors. Social class was based on longest-held occupation in middle-age. Compared with men in non-manual occupations, men in manual occupations experienced a greater increase in BMI (mean difference=0.33 kg/m(2); 95%CI 0.14-0.53; p for interaction=0.001), a smaller decline in non-HDL cholesterol (difference in mean change=0.18 mmol/l; 95%CI 0.11-0.25, p for interaction <= 0.0001) and a smaller increase in HDL cholesterol (difference in mean change=0.04 mmol/l; 95%CI 0.02-0.06, p for interaction <= 0.0001). However, mean systolic BP declined more in manual than non-manual groups (difference in mean change=3.6; 95%CI 2.1-5.1, p for interaction <= 0.0001). The odds of being a current smoker in 1978-80 and 1998-2000 did not differ between non-manual and manual social classes (p for interaction = 0.51).Conclusion: Several key risk factors for CHD and type 2 diabetes showed less favourable changes in men in manual occupations. Continuing priority is needed to improve adverse cardiovascular risk profiles in socially disadvantaged groups in the UK.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Social Class Differences in Secular Trends in Established Coronary Risk Factors over 20 Years: A Cohort Study of British Men from 1978-80 to 1998-2000 |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0019742 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019742 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2011 Ramsay et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This work was supported by the British Heart Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. |
| Keywords: | CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS, HEALTH INEQUALITIES, EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, BLOOD-PRESSURE, HEART-DISEASE, POPULATION, CHOLESTEROL, MORTALITY, SMOKING |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Division of Psychiatry UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health > Primary Care and Population Health |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1309753 |
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