Han, Kawon;
Meng, Kaitao;
Wang, Xiao-Yang;
Masouros, Christos;
(2025)
Network-Level ISAC Design: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Opportunities.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Electromagnetics, Antennas and Propagation
, 1
(1)
pp. 65-83.
10.1109/jsteap.2025.3603139.
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Abstract
The ultimate goal of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) deployment is to provide coordinated sensing and communication services at an unprecedented scale. This article presents a comprehensive overview of network-level ISAC systems, an emerging paradigm that significantly extends the capabilities of link-level ISAC through distributed cooperation. We first examine recent advancements in network-level ISAC architectures, emphasizing various cooperation schemes and distributed system designs. The sensing and communication (S&C) performance is analyzed with respect to interference management and cooperative S&C, offering new insights into the design principles necessary for large-scale networked ISAC deployments. In addition, distributed signaling strategies across different levels of cooperation are reviewed, focusing on key performance metrics such as sensing accuracy and communication quality-of-service (QoS). Next, we explore the key challenges for practical deployment, where the critical role of synchronization is also discussed, highlighting advanced over-the-air synchronization techniques specifically tailored for bistatic and distributed ISAC systems. Finally, open challenges and future research directions in network-level ISAC design are identified. The findings and discussions aim to serve as a foundational guideline for advancing scalable, high-performance, and resilient distributed ISAC systems in next-generation wireless networks.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Network-Level ISAC Design: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Opportunities |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1109/jsteap.2025.3603139 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1109/jsteap.2025.3603139 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2025 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/]. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Electronic and Electrical Eng |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10219245 |
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