Markovic-Obiago, Z;
Bestwick, JP;
Chohan, H;
Schrag, A;
Simonet, C;
Noyce, AJ;
(2025)
Idiopathic hyposmia as a marker of prodromal Parkinson's disease — a cohort study.
Scientific Reports
, 15
, Article 39501. 10.1038/s41598-025-23293-4.
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Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a well-established prodromal symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may occur years prior to PD diagnosis. This study assessed validity of a shortened 5-item smell test in a large cohort of PREDICT-PD participants and investigated its associations with previously described prodromal and demographic factors. Participants without PD aged over 60 years-old completed a 5-item smell test and online platform including validated questionnaires — such as the REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder Single-Question Screen (RBD1Q) and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) — as well as subjective olfaction assessment, and motor function assessment via the BRadykinesia Akinesia INcoordination (BRAIN) tap test. Log odds for PD were derived from smell test performance. Data was analysed by non-parametric tests in R-studio. A total of 1472 participants were included. Smell test performance declined with age and was poorer in males. Log odds for PD derived from the smell test correlated with RBD screening and bradykinesia as measured by BRAIN tap test but not motor impairment subjectively assessed by UPDRS part 2. Subjective olfactory assessments correlated weakly with objective smell test performance, with only fair agreement. Notably, subjective smell ratings did not correlate with motor function, whereas objective smell test results did. This study supports the feasibility of a shortened olfactory test for PD risk stratification in prodromal populations. Some previously described associations with prodromal and demographic factors were reaffirmed. Findings highlight the association between early motor dysfunction and olfactory impairment, emphasising the need for objective olfactory testing in research and clinical practice.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Idiopathic hyposmia as a marker of prodromal Parkinson's disease — a cohort study |
| Location: | England |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-025-23293-4 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-23293-4 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
| Keywords: | Parkinson’s disease, Hyposmia, Prodrome, Olfaction |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Clinical and Movement Neurosciences |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10217819 |
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