Jiang, Lai; Meng, Kaitao; Temiz, Murat; Hu, Jiaming; Masouros, Christos; (2025) Distributed Beamforming for Cooperative Multi-cell ISAC: A Federated Learning Approach. In: 2024 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE: Cape Town, South Africa.

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Abstract

In this work, we propose a distributed framework based on the federated learning (FL) for beamforming design in multi-cell integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems. Our aim is to address the following dilemma: 1) Beamforming strategies based on solely local information may cause severe inter-cell interference (ICI) affecting both communication users and sensing receivers in the adjacent cells, leading to degraded network-level performance in communication and sensing, 2) Centralized beamforming strategies require the knowledge of global communication and sensing channel information, which incurs additional transmission overhead and latency. In the proposed framework, multiple base stations (BSs) jointly train a deep neural network (DNN) to cooperatively design the optimal beamforming matrices, aiming at maximizing the weighted sum of communication rate and radar information rate. To implement a fully decentralized design without channel information exchange among BSs, we develop a novel loss function to manage the interference leakage, which can be computed by only using local channel information. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves performance comparable to optimization-based algorithms and surpasses closed-form solutions in terms of both communication rate and radar information rate.

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