Milutinović, Zoran; (2025) Modernization, Europeanization and Aesthetic Modernity in the Balkans. In: Markovich, Slobodan G, (ed.) Serbia and the Balkans : Three centuries of Embrace with Europe. (pp. 279-307). Faculty of Political Science : Zepter Book World: Belgrade, Serbia.

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Abstract

The author argues that the terms modernization and Europeanization should not be used interchangeably, as has been the case in the Balkans – as well as in many non-European societies – since the early nineteenth century. Instead, the former should be reserved for the process of becoming modern, while the latter can designate the process of importing or imitating north-west European everyday and high culture, which did not substantially contribute to political, social and economic modernization. In both modernization and Europeanization the key concept was copying. In aesthetic modernization at the beginning of the twentieth century, however, copying was explicitly rejected, thus demonstrating that (aesthetic) modernity can and should be multiple, and in the process it aestheticized the nation.

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