Atraszkiewicz, D;
Shakir, T;
Lingam, G;
Rafaih, AB;
Chand, M;
(2025)
Exploring the roles of extended reality technologies in advancing colorectal surgical training.
Frontline Gastroenterology
10.1136/flgastro-2024-103027.
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Abstract
Extended reality (XR) is an umbrella term for technologies that incorporate digital and physical elements to alter a user's experience, namely: augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR). With National Health Service waiting lists at record levels, a shortage of trained endoscopists within the UK, and a greater likelihood of non-standard training outcomes following the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a requirement for significant developments in colorectal surgical training. AR has useful applications within both simulation training and intraoperative guidance, such as image overlays and conceptualisation. Both AR and VR offer three-dimensional reconstruction of radiological images, thereby allowing for enhanced appreciation and visualisation of anatomical structures. There is, however, a much greater evidence base for the validity of VR within the sphere of colorectal surgical training; primarily for simulation with respect to endoscopy, laparoscopy and robotics. MR is a developing field with technological advancements allowing for a combination of AR and VR. Potential advantages of XR teaching over conventional approaches include integration with artificial intelligence; objective assessments; immediate feedback; a wider exposure to pathologies and procedures and potential downstream safety benefits to patients. Environmental and socioeconomic factors require further evaluation, with the potential for meta-conferences or meta-hospitals. Disadvantages may include a lack of focus on patient communication skills and the lack of standardised XR training protocols. These technologies have an exciting future in serving as adjuncts to colorectal surgical training.
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