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The declining mental health of the young and the global disappearance of the unhappiness hump shape in age

Bryson, Alexander; Blanchflower, David G; Xu, Xiaowei; (2025) The declining mental health of the young and the global disappearance of the unhappiness hump shape in age. PLoS ONE , 20 (8) , Article e0327858. 10.1371/journal.pone.0327858. Green open access

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Abstract

Across many studies subjective well-being has followed a U-shape in age, declining until people reach middle-age, only to rebound subsequently. Ill-being has followed a mirror-imaged hump-shape. Using graphical and regression analyses of repeat cross-sectional micro-data from the United States and the United Kingdom, we show this empirical regularity has been replaced by a monotonic decrease in ill-being by age. The reason for the change is the deterioration in young people’s mental health both absolutely and relative to older people. Pooling Global Minds data across 44 countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, over the period 2020–2025 we confirm that ill-being is no longer hump-shaped in age but now decreases in age. JEL Codes: I31; I38

Type: Article
Title: The declining mental health of the young and the global disappearance of the unhappiness hump shape in age
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327858
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327858
Language: English
Additional information: © 2025 Blanchflower et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education > IOE - Social Research Institute
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10210386
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