Xie, Cheng; (2025) Detecting Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos with Novel Technologies for the PUEO Experiment. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

Neutrinos with energies >1017 eV provide a unique source of evidence for new physics, but none have yet been detected. The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO) is a balloon-borne radio instrument under development as a direct successor to the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) programme that placed the leading limits for ultrahigh energy neutrino flux between 1019.5-1021 eV. Contributions are presented in this thesis relating to the digital beamforming trigger that provides significantly improved neutrino sensitivity for PUEO. The first software simulation of the PUEO trigger hierarchy was developed, demonstrating the benefit of this phased-array trigger and identifying design decisions corresponding to ∼11% improvement in sensitivity along the energy axis. A proof-of-concept trigger was also developed using programmable hardware, achieving cross channel synchronisation to within ∼10ps, which satisfies PUEO requirements. As well as informing PUEO’s design, the hardware trigger developed has been deployed since May 2023 as a part of the Radio Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays (RET-CR).

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